From Cysts to Hormones: Common Breast Changes Explained

6 min read

It's natural to feel anxious when you notice changes in your breasts. It’s important to remember, however, that most breast changes are not cancer. Many conditions can mimic breast cancer symptoms but are completely benign and pose no serious health threat.

Understanding the differences between these benign conditions and breast cancer can help ease some of your worry. Below, we’ll explore some common non-cancerous breast changes and what they typically mean.

📖 Read more about breast changes & conditions.

Breast Cysts

Breast cysts are one of the most common benign breast conditions. These are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the breast tissue. They can range in size, and may feel like a smooth lump; sometimes become tender, especially before your period.

What to know about cysts:

Most common in women between 35 and 50, though they can occur at any age
Usually round or oval and may be a soft or firm texture
Typically don't require treatment unless they cause pain or discomfort

If you feel a lump in your breast and a cyst is suspected, your healthcare provider may recommend further imaging, such as an ultrasound, to confirm that it's a cyst and not something more serious.

Fibroadenomas are solid, non-cancerous lumps formed from glandular and fibrous breast tissue. They're the most common type of benign breast tumor, especially in younger women. These lumps are usually round, smooth, and firm, and move easily when touched.

What to know about fibroadenomas:

Typically painless, though some women experience mild discomfort
Most common in women between 15 and 35 years old
Often remain the same size or shrink over time; some disappear on their own
May require removal if large or causing discomfort

While fibroadenomas are non-cancerous, it’s important to have any lump evaluated by a healthcare provider to ensure proper diagnosis and peace of mind.

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during your menstrual cycle, can cause temporary breast tissue changes. Before your period, you may notice tenderness, swelling, or lumps due to increased estrogen and progesterone levels.

What to know about hormonal changes:

Symptoms typically improve after your period ends
Many women experience breast tenderness or fullness around their period
Persistent or unusually painful symptoms warrant a conversation with your doctor

Fibrocystic Breast Changes

Fibrocystic changes refer to lumps or thickened areas in one or both breasts, caused by a combination of cysts and fibrous tissue. These changes often cause tenderness, pain, or a lumpy breast texture, particularly during menstrual cycles.

What to know about fibrocystic changes:

Extremely common, affecting up to50% of women at some point in their lives according to the Cleveland Clinic
Does not increase breast cancer risk
May feel like a "rope" or "grainy" texture, with possible swelling or tenderness
Usually harmless, though uncomfortable

While fibrocystic changes can be uncomfortable, they are typically harmless. If you’re experiencing pain or noticeable changes, your doctor may suggest over-the-counter pain relievers or other treatments to help manage the symptoms.

Infections or Inflammation (Mastitis)

Breast infections or inflammation can cause symptoms such as redness, warmth, and tenderness that can also be seen with some types of breast cancer. Mastitis is most common in breastfeeding women when bacteria enter through cracked skin on the nipple.

What to know about mastitis:

Most common in the first few months after childbirth
Treated with antibiotics, typically clearing within a week
Breastfeeding should continue during treatment to help clear the infection

Mastitis can be uncomfortable, but with the right treatment, it’s generally not a serious condition. If you think you might have an infection, make sure to contact your healthcare provider right away.

When to See a Doctor

While these conditions aren't typically serious, any new or unusual breast changes deserve professional evaluation. Schedule an appointment if you notice:

A new lump or thickening in your breast
Changes in the skin of your breast, like redness or puckering
Nipple changes, such as discharge or inversion (nipple turning inward)
Pain that doesn't go away or gets worse

Your Defiant Health team can see you same-day and help determine whether symptoms require further investigation.

📖 Read more about what to do if you feel a lump.

Expert Guidance When You Need It

Finding a lump or noticing changes in your breasts can be unsettling, but remember that most changes are benign and treatable.

Don't hesitate to reach out to Defiant Health with concerns. Getting expert guidance is the fastest way to peace of mind and ensures you receive appropriate care without unnecessary delay.